mb_check_encoding
as the previouly posted version of this function doesn't handle UTF-8 characters, I simply tried to replace ucfirst to mb_convert_case, but then any previous case foldings were lost while looping through delimiters.
So I decided to do an mb_convert_case on the input string (it also deals with words is uppercase wich may also be problematic when doing case-sensitive search), and do the rest of checking after that.
As with mb_convert_case, words are capitalized, I also added lowercase convertion for the exceptions, but, for the above mentioned reason, I left ucfirst unchanged.
Now it works fine for utf-8 strings as well, except for string delimiters followed by an UTF-8 character ("Mcádám" is unchanged, while "mcdunno's" is converted to "McDunno's" and "ökrös-TÓTH éDUa" in also put in the correct form)
I use it for checking user input on names and addresses, so exceptions list contains some hungarian words too.
<?php
function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", ".", "'", "O'", "Mc"), $exceptions = array("út", "u", "s", "és", "utca", "tér", "krt", "körút", "sétány", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "XI", "XII", "XIII", "XIV", "XV", "XVI", "XVII", "XVIII", "XIX", "XX", "XXI", "XXII", "XXIII", "XXIV", "XXV", "XXVI", "XXVII", "XXVIII", "XXIX", "XXX" )) {
/*
* Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
* Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
* but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
* king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
*/
$string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
foreach ($delimiters as $dlnr => $delimiter){
$words = explode($delimiter, $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $wordnr => $word){
if (in_array(mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8");
}
elseif (in_array(mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8");
}
elseif (!in_array($word, $exceptions) ){
// convert to uppercase (non-utf8 only)
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
$string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
}//foreach
return $string;
}
?>
mb_convert_case
(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)
mb_convert_case — Perform case folding on a string
Description
string mb_convert_case
( string $str
, int $mode = MB_CASE_UPPER
[, string $encoding = mb_internal_encoding()
] )
Performs case folding on a string, converted in the way specified by mode .
Parameters
- str
-
The string being converted.
- mode
-
The mode of the conversion. It can be one of MB_CASE_UPPER, MB_CASE_LOWER, or MB_CASE_TITLE.
- encoding
-
The encoding parameter is the character encoding. If it is omitted, the internal character encoding value will be used.
Return Values
A case folded version of string converted in the way specified by mode .
Unicode
By contrast to the standard case folding functions such as strtolower() and strtoupper(), case folding is performed on the basis of the Unicode character properties. Thus the behaviour of this function is not affected by locale settings and it can convert any characters that have 'alphabetic' property, such as A-umlaut (Ä).
For more information about the Unicode properties, please see » http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/.
Examples
Example #1 mb_convert_case() example
<?php
$str = "mary had a Little lamb and she loved it so";
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Prints MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Prints Mary Had A Little Lamb And She Loved It So
?>
See Also
- mb_strtolower() - Make a string lowercase
- mb_strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase
- strtolower() - Make a string lowercase
- strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase
- ucfirst() - Make a string's first character uppercase
- ucwords() - Uppercase the first character of each word in a string
add a note
User Contributed Notesmb_convert_case
agash at freemail dot hu
19-Jul-2009 05:27
19-Jul-2009 05:27
the at psychoticneurotic dot com
08-Apr-2009 12:03
08-Apr-2009 12:03
Building upon Justin's and Alex's work...
This function allows you to specify which delimiter(s) to explode on (not just the default space). Now you can correctly capitalize Irish names and hyphenated words (if you want)!
<?php
function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", "O'"), $exceptions = array("to", "a", "the", "of", "by", "and", "with", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X")) {
/*
* Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
* Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
* but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
* king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
*/
foreach ($delimiters as $delimiter){
$words = explode($delimiter, $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word){
if (in_array(strtoupper($word), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = strtoupper($word);
} elseif (!in_array($word, $exceptions)){
// convert to uppercase
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
$string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
}
return $string;
}
?>
Justin
17-Dec-2008 10:42
17-Dec-2008 10:42
Retouching Alex's example so it works:
function titleCase($string, $exceptions = array('to', 'a', 'the', 'of', 'by', 'and', 'with', 'UI', 'V','X')) {
$words = explode(" ", $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word)
{
if (!in_array($word, $exceptions)) {
$word = strtolower($word);
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
return join(" ", $newwords);
}
It doesn't work for Irish names, etc. So keep that in mind.
info at yasarnet dot com
04-Jul-2008 01:57
04-Jul-2008 01:57
For my case following did the work to capitalize UTF-8 encoded string.
function capitalize($str, $encoding = 'UTF-8') {
return mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $encoding), $encoding) . mb_strtolower(mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str), $encoding), $encoding);
}
thomas underscore corthals at hotmail dot com
15-Aug-2006 05:30
15-Aug-2006 05:30
If you want to capitalize the first letter of a multibyte string, you can use this function.
<?php
function capitalize($str, $encoding = null) {
$str = mb_strtoupper($str{0}, $encoding) . mb_substr($str, 1, null, $encoding);
return $str;
}
?>
alex at agileware dot net
06-Feb-2006 08:02
06-Feb-2006 08:02
This function is a bit more flexible than using mb_convert_case with MB_CASE_TITLE, because it lets you add words whose case you don't want modified.
function title_case($string, $exceptions = array('to', 'a', 'the', 'of', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX', 'X')) {
$words = split(" ", $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word)
{
if (!array_key_exists($word, $exceptions)) {
$word = strtolower($word);
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
return ucfirst(join(" ", $newwords));
}
footballkid4 at hotmail dot com
04-Feb-2006 10:59
04-Feb-2006 10:59
This function will capitalize the first letter ( the same as using mb_convert_case with MB_CASE_TITLE flag, but when using a sentence, it'll only capitalize the first word )
<?php
function capitalize(&$input) {
$input = strtoupper( substr( $input , 0 , 1 ) ).strtolower( substr( $input , 1 ) );
return $input;
}
?>
Very short, uses substr, strtoupper, and strtoupper only
Rasa Ravi at tantrajoga dot cz
30-Apr-2005 03:36
30-Apr-2005 03:36
For CZECH characters:
<?php
$text = mb_convert_case($text, MB_CASE_LOWER, "Windows-1251");
?>
The right encoding Windows-1250 is not valid (see the list mb_list_encodings), but Windows-1251 will do the same 100%. The function strtolower() ignores czech characters with diacritics.